A
非対称性 (Asymmetry)
ほくろの中央に線を引いたとき、左右または上下の形が対称にならない。
✔ Benign Normal:
Symmetrical, round or oval shape
⚠ Warning Sign:
One half is noticeably larger or jagged
B
境界の不規則さ (Border)
早期メラノーマの輪郭は、ギザギザしていたり境界がぼやけて不鮮明になります。
✔ Benign Normal:
Smooth, sharp, distinct perimeter
⚠ Warning Sign:
Frayed, ragged, or leaking pigment
C
色のムラ (Color Variation)
黒、濃い茶色、赤、白、青っぽい色など複数の色が混ざり合っている。
✔ Benign Normal:
Single uniform brown or tan shade
⚠ Warning Sign:
Mottled colors, jet black or reddish patches
D
直径 6mm 以上 (Diameter)
悪性黒色腫は発見時に直径 6mm（鉛筆の消しゴム大）以上であることが多いです。
✔ Benign Normal:
Small spot (< 6mm across)
⚠ Warning Sign:
Growing beyond 6mm or larger than other moles
E
Evolving & Changing
Any change in size, shape, elevation, color, or symptoms (itching, bleeding, crusting) is the single most critical indicator of malignancy.
✔ Benign Normal:
Static appearance month after month
⚠ Warning Sign:
Visible changes over weeks or months
Clinical Citation
The ABCDE criteria were formulated by the New York University School of Medicine and adopted by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and Skin Cancer Foundation. Reference: Skin Cancer Foundation Clinical Guidelines.
